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湖北成人教育2023年成人高考专升本英语预测真题及答案（三）.docx

Ⅰ．Phonetics(5 points)

Directions：In each of the following groups of words，there are four underlined letters or letter

combinations marked A，B，C and D．Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that

is different  from the  others  in  pronunciation． Mark your answer by  blackening the

corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．

1．A．birthday    

B．birthplace    

C．brief

D．break

2．A．chew    

B．choose    

C．exclude

D．pull

3．A．disappear    

B．ear    

C．fear 

D．pear

4．A．rank    

B．random    

C．range

D．rent

5．A．research    

B．resemble    

C．resign

D．resist

Ⅱ．Vocabulary and Structure(15 points)

Directions：There are l5 incomplete sentences in this section．For each sentence there are four

choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

6．I spoke to several people at the cocktail party．Was John        one with the red hair?

A．(blank)    

B．a    

C．an  

D．the

7．When I had a problem she listened to me and suggested solutions．She was really       

A．promising    

B．shocking    

C．understanding

D.serious

8．After all this time you’d think he’d have forgotten，       

A．should you    

B．wouldn’t you

C．don’t you

D．do you

9．I think I have persuaded Jenny to come        to our point of view

A．in

B．around  

C．over

D．along with

10．After       you have told me I think you should see a doctor

A．that    

B．what

C．which

D．if

11．We saw many mountains        with snow

A．covered    

B．cover

C．covering

D．covers

12．I've been suffering        a bad cold all week

A．in  

B.by

C.for

D.from

13.I       this book by this time tomorrow.

A．will read

B．has read

C．will have read

D．would read

14．They kept me        for more than an hour

A. waits

B. wait   

C. waited   

D. waiting

15. What         you do if you were me?

A. do  

B. did   

C. would   

D. can

16. You had better not         there alone.

A. go  

B. going

C. to go

D. went

17. It is often easier to make plans than to         them out.

A. put

B. carry  

C. take

D. practice

18. How can he do so much work? He         stay late at the office every evening and take work home at weekends.

A. need

B. can   

C. might

D. must

19. We haven't heard         news of him since he left the company.

A. many

B. a lot  

C. much

D. a few

20. That Shakespeare was one of the most talented writers         an understatement to those who are really familiar with the field of literature.

A. is   

B. are

C. was

D. were

Ⅲ. Cloze (30 points)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D.  Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Thousands of years   21   humans began the process of domesticating the dog and shaping what "being a dog" really means, Through careful selection and breeding, an astonishing variety of dog breeds   22been created.  Desirable traits have been selected for in various breeds that are of a benefit23humans.  There are some traits, however, that quickly become undesirable when expressed too frequently. Barking is a(an)   24   of a natural behavior that is encouraged in terms of guarding behavior, but becomes a problem when the behavior is produced in excess. A recent health insurance investigation revealed   25the sound of a continually barking dog was cited as the most disruptive and stress inducing   26   for humans.

Barking, in  addition  to  whining,  howling  and  growling,  is  a  dog's27means  of

communication. Barking is characterized by a series of short, sharp sounds, that tend to vary   28in tone or pitch.  A dog's bark29signify territorial protection, exertion of dominance,  or expression of some need.30   , barking is "a means of communication triggered by a state of excitement. " Being a natural trait, barking is not considered a behavioral problem,31it is produced in excess.

The key to solving the problem of excess barking in your dog begins with an understanding of what is causing   32behavior.  Once you have determined a cause,33have a greater chance of

choosing the most effective solution (e. g. , more exercise) or behavioral modification. Modifying such an instinctive and natural behavior34barking can be difficult, and may require considerable

patience, time, and hard work.35   , however, are possible, and worth the effort.

21. A. since

B. before  

C. ago  

D. later

22. A. have

B. are

C. will  

D. were

 23. A. for

B. at

C. to

D. in

24. A. subject  

B. method

C. model   

D. example

25. A. when

B. which

C. whose   

D. that

26. A. songs

B. noise  

C. guard

D. encouragement

27. A. powerful

B. natural

C. friendly

D. hostile

28. A. little

B. less   

C. much

D. more

29. A. would

B. must  

C. can

D. needs

30. A. Fortunately   

B. Typically  

C. Sometimes   

D. Probably

31. A. so that   

B. when

C. because

D. until

32. A. its

B. this  

C. such

D. bad

33. A. you

B. one   

C. dogs

D. we

34. A. like

B. similar

C. seems   

D. as

35. A. Barking  

B. Problems   

C. Solutions

D. Hard working

Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension (60 points)

Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage One

  People need to be active to be healthy.  Our modern lifestyle and all the conveniences we've

become used to have made us keep a long time sitting, such as sitting around in front of the TV or the computer, riding in the car for even a short trip to the store and using elevators instead of stairs. That's dangerous for our health. Physical inactivity is as dangerous to our health as smoking!

 Add up your activities during the day in periods of at least 10 minutes each. Start slowly . .. and

build up. If you're already doing some light activities move up to more moderate ones. A little is good, but more is better if you want to achieve health benefits.

  Scientists say accumulate 60 minutes of physical activity every day to stay healthy or improve your health. Time needed depends on effort -- as you progress to moderate activities, you can cut down to thirty minutes, four days a week.

 Physical activity doesn't have to be very hard to improve your health. This goal can be reached by building physical activities into your daily routine. Just add up in periods of at least ten minutes each throughout the day.  After three months of regular physical activity, you will notice a difference --people often say getting started is the hardest part.

36. Nowadays people       

A. are less active than in the past

B. are more active than in the past

C. are as active as they used to be

D. are as inactive as they used to be

37. Time needed for physical activity depends on       

A.  health

B.  effort

C.  money

D.  creation

38. You can improve your health       

A. relaxing and keeping cool

B. spending longer hours in activities

C. eating less and less during short periods of time

D. integrating physical activity into your timetable

39. People say that       

A. they do not have time for physical activity

B. getting started into physical activity is not so difficult

C. getting started into physical activity is the most difficult part

D. they prefer keeping the present situation to doing any activities

  Passage Two

 Many children do not go to school either because their parents want them at home as carets for

siblings, or simply because their parents cannot be bothered to send them. Thousands more are not registered at any school at all, because of their families' unstable lives.

 Underlying this dreadful situation there are two central truths. First of all, the problem of children not going to school often has more to do with their parents than with the children themselves. Secondly, once children go to school, we need to make sure that the experience is a positive one so that they want to keep on going.

In Britain, the Ministry of Education has introduced a complex package of sticks and carrots to persuade schools to bring truants (children who do not go to school when they should) and excluded children back into the classroom. It is paying grants so that a thousand schools can set up special units to help these children.  Schools receive the grant if they bring a target number of children back to school; if they do not meet the target, the grant is withdrawn.  Parents are the subject of this campaign, too: the Home Office has introduced fines for parents who fail to send their children to school, and has given the police power to pick up truants on the streets.

 40. According to the text, there are thousands of children who       

 A. live in stable families

 B. walk around on the streets

 C. are not registered at any school

 D. stay at home doing the housework

 41. Part of the problem that children do not go to school is that       

A. police to pick up truants on the streets are not enough

B. these children think education is a waste of time

C. the number of stable families is not big enough

D. Government doesn't pay enough for children's education

42. The Ministry of Education will take away a school's grant if       

A. they meet their targets

B. children escape from school

C. they do not reach their objectives

D. they failed to persuaded truants' parents

43. The Home Office       

A. will punish parents who fail to send their children to school

B. will give money to parents to send children to school

C. has given powers to the police to pick up parents

D. persuaded children not to escape from school

 Passage Three

We show an amazing tolerance for a form of pollution that is a growing problem: noise. Airplane

traffic is increasing by five percent a year. Urban noise is doubling every ten years. By air, land and

sea, we are facing an onslaught of noise that is threatening our ability to live in this world.

We have granted ourselves the right to make noise. But what about our responsibilities? Have we developed a sense of acoustic responsibility?

 The evidence suggests that we have not. Many people seem to believe they have an unlimited right to make noise with cars and motorbikes, and with loud music at home and in the street.  In some countries measures have been taken to force people to make less noise. In Britain, for example, a law has been passed preventing people from disturbing their neighbors with music at night.

 It is widely accepted that we should deal with our rubbish in a responsible way. Noise is in reality a particularly insidious (潜在的 ) form of rubbish. It destroys community life, pursues us into our homes, keeps us from sleeping and is the cause of many stress-related illnesses, as well as hearing loss.

 Our acoustic environment belongs to all of us. Everyone has the right to use it, but no one has the right to abuse it. Let's start using it responsibly.

44. The level of noise produced in cities and towns       

 A. is four times higher every ten years

 B. is four times lower every two years

 C. is twice as high now than ten years ago

 D. is twice as high now than two years ago

 45. The right to make noise       

 A. is often questioned

B. is particularly insidious

C. should be completely forbidden

D. should be accompanied by a sense of responsibility

46. Many people       

A. think that they have the right to use noisy motorcycles or cars

B. think that cars and motorcycles are disturbing

C. feel responsible for their noise

D. feel guilty for making loud noise

47. The author points out that       

A. noise cannot be prevented at all

B. people do not feel responsible for their rubbish

C. noise and garbage are problems that disturb us at home

D. we should accept our responsibility for noise as we do for rubbish

 Passage Four

The majority of people in Scotland are in favor breaking away from the rest of the UK and becoming independent, according to a poll taken just before the 300th anniversary of the Act of Union, which united Scotland and England.

A pair of Acts of Parliament, passed in 1706 and 1707 that came into effect on May l, 1707, created Great Britain.  The parliaments of both countries were dissolved, and replaced by a new

Parliament of Great Britain in Westminster, London.

The poll showed support for independence for Scotland is running at 51%. This is the first time

since 1998 that support for separation has passed 50% , and the first time since devolution gave power to the country in 1999. Six months before elections for the Scottish Parliament, these poll results come as good news to the Scottish Nationalist Party, who are hoping to make progress against Labor and further the cause of an independent Scotland.

 Many people have become disillusioned with devolution, and believe that the Scottish Parliament has failed to deliver what they had hoped it would; only a tenth has no opinion. In fact, only 39% of those polled want to keep things as they are.

48. Scotland and England       

A. were united by war

B. have always been united

C. want to break up the union

D. have been united for a long time

49. People who want independence for Scotland       

A. are in the minority

B. are the vast majority

C. are the slight majority

D. have decreased in number since devolution

50. Many people's opinions of devolution       

A. make progress against Labor

B. have gone down

C. have gone up

D. are the same

51. The best title for this passage could be       

A. The Poll in Scotland

B. Two Acts of Parliament

C. England and Scotland

D. Scottish Independence

 Passage Five

Twelve years ago, oceanographer Captain Charles Moore was skippering his yacht the Alguita in

the North Pacific. He sailed into a mass of floating plastic rubbish which took him and his crew a week to cross. This floating rubbish dump is now called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and doubles the size of the USA.

The United Nations says there are now 18,000 pieces of plastic in every square kilometre of sea

everywhere in the world. A walk along any beach will give you some idea of the seriousness of plastic pollution.

The trouble is, when we throw out plastic with the trash, the plastic doesn't go away. Plastic does

not biodegrade. It photo degrades into smaller and smaller particles which then enter the food chain. Plastics contain cancer-causing chemicals along the food chain in increasing concentrations and end up in our fish and chips, along with hormone disruptors.  Scientists try to tell us that we are killing ourselves as well as other animals.  At least 200 species are, as I speak, being killed by plastic. Whales, dolphins, turtles and albatross confuse floating plastic, especially shopping bags and six pack rings, with jellyfish.

Some countries have rebelled and banned plastic bags. And the first was brave Bangladesh. Then

China took the same decision.  Botswana, Canada, Israel, Kenya, Rwanda, Singapore and South

Africa have also banned plastic bags. Notice how many of the world's richest countries are not on this list. It's an absolute disgrace.

Think globally, act locally.  A small Australian town is now one step ahead of the rest of the world. The inhabitants of Bundanoon in New South Wales have banned plastic bottles from the town. We need to follow their example and eliminate plastic from our lives, take care of the earth and vote for people we think will do the same.

52. The writer says that we can get an idea of how much plastic rubbish there is in the oceans

by       

A. looking at the sea

B. travelling across the USA

C. sailing across the Pacific

D. taking a walk along any beach

53. The reader learns that toxic chemicals get into our food       

 A. when plastic becomes small enough to enter our food chain

 B. because other animals are being killed by plastic

 C. because plastic does not biodegrade

 D. from plastic bags from supermarkets

54. In the fourth paragraph the writer is angry because       

 A. not many of the world's richest countries have banned plastic bags

 B. not many countries have banned plastic bags

 C. countries are not developing countries

 D. most of the countries are African

55. In the final paragraph the writer advises us to       

 A. stop buying plastic bottles

 B. take individual action

 C. visit Australia

 D. stop voting

V. Daily Conversation (15 points)

Directions: Pick out five appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the

following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

A. Yes, we met   

B. That's great

C. No, I'm afraid I haven't had any time yet

D. Are you excited

E. No, I haven't seen him yet

F. I was very nervous

G. I have been there   

H. Thanks for calling

Betsy: Hi Brian, this is Betsy. How are you doing.'?

Brian: I've just returned from the Head Office. The weather is great! Boston is a great city!

Betsy: Have you met Frank yet?

Brian:   56   . We have a meeting at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning. We are going to meet then.

Betsy: Have you made your presentation yet?

Brian: Yes, I made the presentation yesterday afternoon.57   , but everything went well.

Betsy: Has management given you any feedback yet?

Brian: Yes, I've already met with the sales director. We met immediately after the meeting and he was impressed with our work.

Betsy:   58   Brian. Congratulations! Have you visited any museums yet?

Brian:   59I hope to take a tour around town tomorrow.

Betsy: Well, I'm happy to hear that everything is going well. I'll talk to you soon.

Brian :60Betsy. Bye.

Betsy : Bye.

Ⅵ．Writing(25 points)

Directions：For this part，you are supposed to write an essay in English in l00-120 words based

on the following situation．Remember to write it clearly．

61．请以闯红灯(red light running)为主题写一篇短文，内容包括：

(1)闯红灯的现状；

(2)闯红灯的原因及后果。

英语应试模拟第9套参考答案与解析

Ⅰ．Phonetics

【答案】

1．C  2．D  3．D  4．A  5．A

【解析】

1．选项C画线部分读

2．选项D画线部分读

3．选项D画线部分读

4．选项A画线部分读

5．选项A画线部分读

Ⅱ．Vocabulary and Structure

【答案】

6．D  7．C  8．B  9．B  l0．B  ll．A  l2．D  l3．C  l4．D  l5．C  l6．A  l7．B

  18．D  l9．C  20．A

【解析】

6．考查冠词。不定冠词a或an通常泛指某一个或一类事物。The通常指特定的事物。这里“红头发的那一位”是特指，所以选项D是正确的。【句子大意】在鸡尾酒会上我跟好几个人说过话，约翰是不是红头发的那位?

7．考查形容词辨析。Promising有前途的，shocking令人震惊的，understanding善解人意的，serious严肃的。乐于倾听别人并乐于帮助别人的人应是善解人意的。选项C是正确的。【句子大意】当我有困难时，她会倾听并会提出解决办法。她非常善解人意。

8．考查反义疑问句。原句应是：you would think he had have forgotten．．．反义疑问句的规则是陈述部分是肯定式，疑问部分应是否定式。Would think表示推测，疑问部分也应选择would。选项B是正确的。【句子大意】你难道还认为他已经忘掉了，是吗?

9．考查词组。Come in参与，come around接受，come over顺便来访，come along with随同。此处表示经过劝说而接受别人的意见。选项B是正确的。【句子大意】我想我已经说服詹妮接受我们的观点了。

10．考查从句。介词后的宾语从句，如果以连接代词为首，并且该代词在从句中起宾语作用，通常不用that或if。What指所做的事=the thing which，which指某一事物。指代“所说的话”，应用what。选项B是正确的。【句子大意】听了你告诉我的情况，我认为你应该去看医生。

11．考查动词分词。山被雪覆盖，应用被动态。动词的过去分词表示被动和完成，现在分词表示主动和进行。这里的动词的过去分词后接介词短语构成了分词短语，修饰“山”。选项A是正确的。【句子大意】我看见山被大雪覆盖了。

12．考查动词与介词的搭配。Suffer in遭受，suffer for因……遭受恶果、为……受苦，suffer

from患……病，受……苦，suffer不与by搭配。题意是指患病，选项D是正确的。【句子大意】我整个一个星期都在感冒。

13．考查时态。将来的某个时间完成某事，应用将来完成时will have done。Will have read将已经读完，选项C是正确的。【句子大意】明天的这个时候我就把这本书看完了。

14．考查非谓语动词。Keep sb．doing让某人一直做某事。选项D是正确的。【句子大意】他们让我等了一个多小时。

15．考查条件句的虚拟语气。与现在事实相反的条件句用过去时。主句用would，if条件从句中的系动词用were。你不可能是我，与现在事实相反，所以，选项C是正确的。【句子大意】如果你是我，你会怎么做?

16．考查固定词组。Had better do sth．最好做某事。选项A是正确的。【句子大意】你最好别一个人到那儿去。

17．考查动词词组。Put out生产、熄灭，carry out执行、完成，take out取出、扣除，practice不与out搭配。Make plans计划。计划容易，执行计划难。选项B是正确的。【句子大意】一般来说，制订计划要比执行计划简单。

18．考查情态动词。他能干那么多活儿，一定加班来着。表示很强的肯定推测。Need表示需要，与原句内容不符；can表示能够、能力，比较弱的可能；might表示较弱的可能；must表示较强的肯定。选项D是正确的。【句子大意】他怎么可能干那么多活儿?他肯定每晚都在办公室加班，周末还把活儿带回家去做。

19．考查不可数名词。News消息、新闻，是不可数名词，表示数量多时应用much或a lot of。A lot后不能直接跟名词。选项C是正确的。【句子大意】自从他离开公司以后，我们没有听到有关他的什么消息。  

20．考查主谓一致性。That引导的是主语从句，应被看做是一个单个的整体，因此，谓语动词应用单数。整句叙述的是常理，应用一般现在时。选项A是正确的。【句子大意】莎士比亚是最有天赋的作家这一评价对那些真正熟悉文学的人来说太敷衍了。

Ⅲ．Cloze

【答案】

21．C  22．A  23．C  24．D  25．D  26．B  27．B  28．A  29．C  30．B  31．D

32．B  33．A  34．D  35．C

【解析】

21．Since从……以来，before……以前，ago……以前，later……以后。这里是考查before和ago的区别。二者都表示以前，before和过去完成时连用，表示从过去起的若干时间以前。Ago与过去时连用，表示从现在起的若干时间以前。根据文章含义，从现在起的数千年以前，时态是过去时，选项C是正确的。

22．经过精心挑选和繁殖，令人震惊的不同种类的狗产生了。这里应用现在完成时。选项A是正确的。

23．A benefit to给……带来好处，为固定词组。选项C是正确的。

24．Subject科目、原因，method方法，model模式，example例子、警告。根据这句话的前半句：吠是一种自然的防御行为，是警告。可以确定应选择有警告含义的词。选项D是正确韵。

25．这里是一个宾语从句。Which通常是不能单独引导宾语从句的。When表示时间，whose表示谁的，都与文章内容不符。That引导调查所发现的问题。选项D是正确的。

26．根据文章，调查结果表明，持续的狗叫被认作是对人类最具有破坏性的。叫声所产生的应该是噪音。选项B是正确的。

27．吠肯定是狗生来具有的交流方式。选项B是正确的。

28．狗的叫声在音调和语气上有不同。其变化应该是微小的，否则就很容易被识别了。选项A是正确的。

29．狗的叫声能够起到某些作用。这里指能力，本身具有的能力。选项C是正确的。

30．Fortunately幸运地，Typically典型地、通常，Sometimes有时，Probably可能。根据引号内的意思：狗叫是由一种兴奋状态引起的。这应该是通常的现象。所以，选项B是正确的。

31．这里考查的是not．．．until(不……除非……)的句型。既然是自然的特征，吠应该不算是行为问题，除非过分了。选项D是正确的。

32．前面提到过度的狗叫，这里应指这种过度吠的行为。选项B是正确的。

33．前面主语是you，根据句意，后面应是同样的主语：一旦你找到了原因，你就有机会。选项A是正确的。

34．Like相像，similar近似，seems似乎，as比如。文章的意思是：比如狗叫。选项D是正确的。

35．根据文章，过度狗叫的问题不容易解决，但办法总是有的，值得为之努力。选项C是正

确的。

【原文大意】

数千年前，人类就开始驯化狗了，并使其符合“狗”的真正含义。经过精心的挑选和繁殖，令人震惊的多种多样的狗的品种产生了。有利于人类的优良品质被选出，并植入不同的品种内。

但是，有几个品质当它们被过度地经常表现时，很快就成为不受欢迎的了。吠就是一种自然行为，是一种激励防御行为的警告。但是，当这种行为过度发生就成为麻烦了。一份近期的健康保险调查显示，不停息的狗叫声被认作是对人类最有破坏性的、最有压力的噪音。

除了哀鸣、嚎叫、咆哮，吠是狗进行交流的与生俱来的手段。吠具有一系列短促的、尖锐的声音的特点，而这些声音在音调和语气上区别很小。狗的叫声能够表示对领地的保卫，控制力的行使，或表达需求。通常，吠是“由兴奋的状态引起的一种交流方式”。因为吠是一种自然的品质，它并不被认为是一种行为问题，除非表现过度。

解决过度吠的问题关键是弄清楚什么原因使你的狗持续叫个不停。一旦你找到了原因，你就有更好的机会来选择最有效的解决方法(比如增加活动)，或者是行为调整。调整这种本能的、与生俱来的行为——如狗叫——是很困难的，需要极大的耐心、时问和艰苦的工作，但解决的办法总会有的，并且值得一试。

Ⅳ．Reading Comprehension

第一篇

【答案】

36．A  37．B  38．D  39．C

【解析】

36．这篇文章讲的是如何通过运动增强体质。第一段中提到we’ve become used to．．．我们已经适应了……，表明以前不是这样的。后面又列举不活动的行为，诸如看电视、开车、玩电脑等，都是坐着的。选项A是正确的。

37．第三段中指出：科学家认为每天共计60分钟的锻炼时间是合适的，但是所需时间基于你自己，你可以把时间缩短至半小时。选项B是正确的。

38．第四段。改善健康不必要进行很剧烈的运动，它是长期的，有计划的。应把锻炼记入时间表中，过一段时问后检查其效果。选项D是正确的。

39．此题目可定位于最后一句话。开始是很难的。选项C是正确的。

【原文大意】

要想健康，人们需要活动。而我们的现代生活方式以及所有我们已经习惯了的便利使我们适应了长时间的坐着，例如，长时间地坐在电视机或计算机前，去很近的商店也要开车，坐电梯而不是爬楼梯上楼。这对我们的健康是很危险的。不进行体育活动跟抽烟一样对我们的健康有害。

把每天的运动量加起来，每次不少于l0分钟。慢慢开始，逐步增加。如果你已经做了一些轻微活动，那么就开始增加中等的活动。一点点就好，当然，如果你想在健康上获益，多做一点更好。

科学家认为，每天的锻炼累加到60分钟可以保证健康或改善健康。所需的时间基于你的努力。比如，如果你想进展到中等的活动，你可以把时间缩短至30分钟，一周四次。

要改善你的健康，体育活动不必剧烈。你可以把体育活动纳入你的日常活动，身体健康的目标就可以实现了。只要把每天的l0分钟活动叠加起来，三个月之后你就会发现变化。人们总是说，开始是很难的。

第二篇

【答案】

40．C  41．B  42．C  43．A

【解析】

40．这篇文章讲的是如何让逃学或辍学的孩子返回课堂。第一段中说明儿童不上学的原因：不稳定的家庭生活。选项C是正确的。

41．第二段。儿童不念书这个现象取决于两个问题。一是他们的家长，正如第一段提到的，家长并没有把送孩子上学当回事。二是我们不能保障孩子们会认为上学的确是值得去体验的经历，隐含的意思是上学对他们来说没有什么价值。选项B是正确的。

42．第三段。英国的教育部采用奖罚政策促使更多的儿童返回学校。Sticks and carrots有奖有罚、软硬兼施。其政策规定，如果学校能够使一定数量的学生返回学校，这个学校会得到一笔拨款；如果返校学生的数量没有达到规定的数额，拨款取消。选项C是正确的。

43．第三段。内政部公布一项政策对不送孩子上学的家长进行罚款；给警察权力，可以在街上抓逃学的孩子。选项A是正确的。

【原文大意】

许多孩子不去上学，要么因为家长让他们在家照看弟妹，要么因为家长嫌麻烦不愿让他们上学。超过数千的孩子由于家庭生活的不稳定根本就没有在任何学校注册。

这种可怕的形势背后有两个关键的事实。第一，孩子不上学这个问题的根本在于他们的父母，而非他们自身。第二，一旦孩子去了学校，我们就要保证他们在校的经历是得到他们肯定的，从而使他们愿意继续上学。

在英国，教育部采用了有奖有罚的综合性的政策以说服学校把逃学和排除在外的学生拉回课堂。这个政策就是拨款。上千学校可利用这笔款项建立特殊机构帮助这些孩子。如果学校成功将一定数量的孩子拉回了学校，这个学校就可获得这笔款项。如果学校没有达到目标，这笔款项就被取消。家长也是这场战役的主体：内政部已经出台了罚款政策，如果家长没有送孩子上学，则要受罚。内政部还赋予警察权力，他们可以在街上抓逃学者。

第三篇

【答案】

44．C  45．D  46．A  47．D

【解析】

44．这篇文章讲的是噪音与责任。第一段中提到城市的噪音每l0年增加一倍。实际上就是现在的噪音是10年前的两倍。选项C是正确的。

45．第二段。作者以问话的形式提出制造噪音的权利和责任感之间的关系，实际上是在说在制造噪音的同时应该伴随有责任感。选项D是正确的。

46．第三段。接上段的问话，我们缺的是责任感。许多人都认为制造噪音可以是无限的，可以随便使用汽车、摩托车。选项A是正确的。

47．第四段。作者说，处理垃圾的责任已被广泛接受。但事实上，噪音是无形的垃圾形式。所以，我们对待噪音应像对待垃圾一样。选项D是正确的。

【原文大意】

我们对一种形式的污染表现出了不可思议的忍耐，这种正在上升的污染就是噪音。空中交通正以每年5％的速度上升。城市的噪音每10年翻一番。无论在空中、陆地还是海洋我们都面临着噪音的猛烈攻击。这种攻击威胁着我们在这个世界上生存的能力。

我们赋予自己制造噪音的权利。然而我们的责任何在?我们加强了听觉责任感了吗?

证据表明我们还没有。许多人似乎认为他们有无限的权利使用汽车和摩托车、用在家里或街道上播放的高声音乐制造噪音。有些国家已经制定了强迫人们降低噪音的标准。比如在英国就通过了一条避免被邻居的深夜音乐打扰的法律。

我们应当有责任地处理我们的垃圾，这一点已经被广泛接受。在现实生活中，噪音是一种特殊的无形垃圾。它破坏公共生活，甚至追踪到我们的家里，使我们不能入睡。它是多种与压力有关的疾病的起因，也是丧失听力的起因。

我们的听觉环境属于我们所有的人。每个人都有权利使用它，但是无人有权利滥用它。让我们开始有责任地使用它吧。

第四篇

【答案】

48．D  49．C  50．B  51. D

【解析】

48．这篇文章讲的是苏格兰独立的问题。第一段告诉我们英格兰和苏格兰已经合并300年了。所以，选项D是正确的。

49．第三段。51％的人支持苏格兰独立，半数是50％，所以只超过了一点点(slight)。选项C是正确的。

50．第四段中描写人们态度时用了disillusion(破灭)一词。许多人都对地方自治失去了幻想。选项B是正确的。

51．这篇文章通过民意调查的结果叙述了苏格兰的独立进程。选项D是正确的。

【原文大意】

在使苏格兰和英格兰合并的法案制定300年纪念日的前夕，一项民意调查显示，苏格兰的大多数人都希望从大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国脱离出来，恢复国家主权。

分别在1706年和l707年通过并于1707年5月1日生效的两项国会法案将苏格兰和英格兰合并为大不列颠王国。两国国会被解散，在伦敦威斯敏斯特组建了新的大不列颠国会。

一份民意调查显示，51％的人支持苏格兰独立。支持独立的人数超过50％，这是自1998年以来第一次，也是l999年地方自治以来的第一次。在选举苏格兰议会的6个月之前，这些民调结果对苏格兰民族党是个好消息，他们希望以此反对工党，进而推进苏格兰独立。

许多人都对地方自治很失望，认为苏格兰议会不会兑现他们希望议会去做的。只有十分之一的人没有明确表态。事实上，民调显示只有39％的人希望保持现状。

第五篇

【答案】

52．D  53．A  54．A  55．B

【解析】

52．这篇文章讲的是塑料污染。本题可定位于第一、二段。第一段通过一个海洋学家的亲身经历说明塑料污染的严重性。这件事发生在北太平洋的一个区域。而问题问的是整个海洋(oceans)的塑料污染状况。第二段则说的是无论你在哪一个海洋的海滩上散步都会看到大海被塑料污染的惨状。选项D是正确的。

53．第三段。有毒的化学物质进入我们的食物链是因为塑料块越来越小。选项A是正确的。

54．第四段。当列举了许多禁止使用塑料袋的国家之后，作者特别提醒读者注意，有些最富有的国家并不在禁止使用塑料袋的国家之列。文章的语气显得比较愤怒。选项A是正确的。

55．最后一段。作者以澳大利亚的一个小镇为例，希望每个人、每个国家都能在自己的能力范围内做点什么以保护我们的地球。选项B是正确的。

【原文大意】

12年前，海洋学家查理斯·摩尔船长正在北太平洋他的Alguita号游艇担任船长。他划入了一片塑料垃圾覆盖的水面。他和他的船员花了一周的时间才穿过这片水域。这个漂浮的垃圾场现在被称为“大太平洋垃圾带”，相当于两个美国的面积。

联合国称现在世界上每平方公里的海面上都有l8 000块塑料。沿着任何一个海滨行走你都会感觉到塑料污染的严重性。

问题发生的原因是，当我们将塑料与垃圾一同丢掉时，塑料不会消失。塑料不能生物分解，

而是通过光降解变成越来越小的块儿，然后进入食物链。塑料含有致癌的化学物质，随着食物链不断提高浓度，最后同内分泌干扰物一起进入我们所吃的鱼和土豆片中。科学家试图告诉我们，我们不仅在自我残杀也在杀害其他动物。正如我所说，至少有200个物种正在被塑料残杀。鲸鱼、海豚、海龟以及信天翁总是分不清水母和漂浮的塑料，尤其是购物袋和六罐塑料环。

有些国家已经禁止使用塑料袋了。第一个就是勇敢的孟加拉共和国，而后是中国作出了同

样的决定。博茨瓦纳、加拿大、以色列、肯尼亚、卢旺达、新加坡和南非，也都已经禁止使用塑料袋了。值得注意的是，还有多少世界上最富有的国家没有在此名单之列。绝对的耻辱。

放眼全球，立足本地。一个很小的澳大利亚小镇比世界其他地方提前迈出了一步。位于新南威尔士州的本达农的居民已经禁止了镇上的塑料瓶。我们应当以他们为榜样把塑料从我们的生活中清除掉。照管好我们的地球，支持跟我们有同样做法的人。

Ⅴ．Daily Conversation

【答案】

56．E  57．F  58．B  59．C  60．H

【解析】

56．从“this is Betsy”可知这是一段电话对话。通读全文可知谈话内容是有关出差的情况。根据上下文，Brain要在第二天的会议上才能见到Frank。所以，此时他们还没有见到对方。选项E是正确的。

57．But是转折词，表示“虽然……但还是……”报告做得很顺利，可以推断前半句应是“虽然很紧张”。选项F是正确的。

58．上句说销售经理对他们的工作很满意，听者应该很激动。所以选项B是正确的。

59．上句问的是去博物馆参观了没有。后面答的是第二天去市中心逛逛。所以，这里回答应该是否定的。选项c是正确的。

60．这是电话对话，所以，结束谈话前应有一定的客套。Thanks for calling是最常用的。选项H是正确的。

【原文大意】

Betsy：你好，Brain。我是Betsy。你好吗?

Brain：我刚从总部回来。天气特别好!波士顿真是个美丽的城市!

Betsy：你见到Frank了吗?

Brain：还没有。我们明天上午10点有个会，我们会在那个时候见面。

Betsy：你的报告弄了吗?

Brain：弄完了，昨天下午弄的。特别紧张，但很顺利。

Betsy：领导说什么了吗?

Brain：是的，我见了销售经理。一散会我们就见面了，他对咱们的工作印象很深。

Betsy：太棒了，Brain。祝贺你!你参观博物馆了吗?

Brain：还没有，还没来得及呢。准备明天到市中心转转。

Betsy：好啦，很高兴你那边一切顺利。再联系。

Brain：谢谢你的电话，Betsy。再见。

Betsy：再见。

Ⅵ．Writing

61．【高分作文】

The red light running has become one of the most common traffic violations nowadays.  It is

dangerous.

The causes of that are mostly bad driving habits, such as road rage, impatience to wait for the

signal to turn green, or simply distractions while driving.  Some red light runners merely ignore the traffic rules and trust the luck. The consequences for these could be the fines red light runners have to pay and the damaged cars that have to be repaired. But the situation could be worse, such as serious injuries and even death.

Thus, everyone should avoid running a red light.  It is not only for your own sake but for your

family members as well as others on the street.

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